HAKSER 2004
JOINT
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM AROUND THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT PAKS
(HAKSER)
Annual
review of 2004
Edited by: Kerekes, Andor (OKK-OSSKI)
Authors: Bujtás, Tibor (PA Rt), Gál, János (PA Rt),
Germán, Endre (PA Rt), Glavatszkih, Nándor (OKK-OSSKI), Guczi, Judit
(OKK-OSSKI), Hetényiné Pap, Viktória (Bács-Kiskun M. ÁÉEÁ), Horváth, Nikoletta
(ÁNTSZ Tolna M. Int.), Kelemen, Mária (ÁNTSZ Tolna M. Int.), Kerekes, Andor
(OKK-OSSKI), Rozmanitz, Péter (ADV KVF), Tarján, Sándor (OÉVI), Vancsura, Péter
(ADV KVF), Vilimi, József (Tolna M. ÁÉEÁ)
OKK-OSSKI,
Budapest, July 2005
The
whole report can be downloaded in Word 7.0 format
Summary
In the region of the NPP at Paks (PAE) the
institutions of the Ministry of Health (OKK-OSSKI and ÁNTSZ Tolna M. Int.), the
Ministry of Agriculture and Regional Development (OÉVI, Bács-Kiskun M. ÁÉEÁ and
Tolna M. ÁÉEÁ) and Ministry of Environment (ADV KVF) in collaboration with the
radiation monitoring service of the Plant monitor the environment on the basis
of decision of the Hungarian Atomic Energy Commission dated 1981.
The survey data of the authority laboratories and
some important operational, meteorological and environmental emission data of
the NPP are stored and evaluated by the Computer Centre in the National
Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene (OKK-OSSKI).
As the result of the serious incident in April 2003
the number of measuring
results (near 8000) still exceeded the values
of previous years.
The plant is placed near the Danube 100 km south
from Budapest. The water inflow and the main outflow are about 0.4 million m3/h, the wastewater outflow is 1500 m3/d.
The airborne radioactivity is released by two stacks with air through put of 0.5-0.6 million m3/h each.
The new system of release limits was introduced in
2004 at the Paks NPP. The new release limits are derived from the dose
constraint of 90 mSv for each radionuclide, physical/chemical form
and release pathway. The compliance with
the release limitation is ensured by the release limit criterion, i.e. the sum
of the ratios of the individual releases and limits for radionuclides.
The significant components of the airborne
release of the Paks NPP in 2004 were the following:
|
Radionuclide |
14C (CO2) |
41Ar |
88Kr |
137Cs |
131I (elementary) |
87Kr |
60Co |
106Ru |
134Cs |
3H (HTO) |
135Xe |
Limit criterion |
|
Release |
37 GBq |
11 TBq |
5,1 TBq |
73 MBq |
63 MBq |
5,7 TBq |
160 MBq |
4,0 MBq |
21 MBq |
3,1 TBq |
3,0 TBq |
0.0012 |
The monitoring of liquid effluents included
the measurement of water samples from the inflow and outflow water channels and
control tanks of the NPP. Radioactivity of the wastewater can be reliably
controlled and the liquid releases determined by the regular analysis of water
of control tanks before release.
The main components of the liquid release in
2004 were as it follows:
|
Radionuclide |
3H |
60Co |
137Cs |
134Cs |
14C |
106Ru |
65Zn |
59Fe |
103Ru |
144Ce |
Limit criterion |
|
Release |
16 TBq |
470 MBq |
79 MBq |
51 MBq |
140 MBq |
23 MBq |
39 MBq |
52 MBq |
17 MBq |
75 MBq |
0.0015 |
The limit criteria concerning the releases are
summarised in the following table:
|
Release |
Limit criterion |
|
Airborne |
0.0012 |
|
Liquid |
0.0015 |
|
Total |
0.0027 |
It is noted, that the limit criterion
is less than one by over two order of magnitude.
The radioactive releases normalised to 1 GW.year annual electrical production can be seen in the
following table in comparison with international data from the UNSCEAR Report
(2000):
|
Release |
Quantity |
Paks NPP |
UNSCEAR (1995-1997) |
|
Airborne |
noble gases, total activity [TBq] |
25 |
13 |
|
|
aerosols, total activity [GBq] |
0.97 |
0.13 |
|
|
3H (HT + HTO) [TBq] |
2.4 |
2.4 |
|
|
14C (CO2+organic) [TBq] |
0.51 |
0.22 |
|
|
iodine (131I
equivalent) [GBq] |
0.14 |
0.17 |
|
Liquid |
corrosion and fission products,
total activity [GBq] |
1.2 |
8.1 |
|
|
3H [TBq] |
12 |
19 |
The normalised liquid releases from the Paks NPP are
below the world averages, while some components of the airborne release were
higher than them.
Only 54Mn and 60Co were
detected with near to the detection limit in a few samples from the air
environment of the NPP. Water samples in the environment did not reveal
radioactive pollution by the nuclear plant in Danube.
The radioactive pollution attributable to the
Chernobyl accident could not be detected in most of the samples except of soil
and sediment. (In the sediment of surface waters and soil the 137Cs
concentration of Chernobyl origin still exceeded the former background level.)
As the geographical and seasonal variation in dose
rate is 20-30 %, enhancing effect of the NPP could not been observed in the
environment.
The estimated annual effective dose 3 km far from the Plant due to the
airborne and aquatic releases was 95 nSv in 2004. However, the natural
background value is somewhat above 3 mSv and the dose constraint set by the
competent authority is 90 mSv. The dose
contribution from the aquatic releases (22 nSv) of mainly tritium origin was
less 25 percent of the total dose.
The inhabitants living in the 30 km environment of
the NPP are 210 thousands. The estimated collective dose was 0.7 man∙mSv in 2004.